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Timeline

Year Documented event Evidence
c. 740–860Later Khazar accounts describe a ruler—usually called Bulan—adopting Judaism after a debate involving Christian, Muslim, and Jewish representatives. The date, ruler’s title, scale of conversion, and literary debate are disputed.Medium · Iranica · Correspondence
13th centuryThe Zohar emerges in medieval Spain. Tradition attributes it to Shimon bar Yochai; critical scholarship associates its composition or redaction especially with Moses de León and his circle.Medium · Stanford Encyclopedia
16th centuryMoses Cordovero systematizes earlier Kabbalah in Safed; Isaac Luria develops a new school, recorded and transmitted chiefly by his disciple Hayyim Vital.High · JVL: Luria · JVL: Vital
1917Lenin’s Bolsheviks seize power in the October Revolution; Trotsky is a central organizer and leader.High · Britannica
1917–22Bolshevik forces and rival Ukrainian governments fight for control. A Soviet Ukrainian republic is established and becomes a founding republic of the USSR in 1922.High · Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1920s–50sMahmud Mir-Djalali serves in and helps modernize Iran’s army; later holds senior posts.High · Iranica
1960s–70sPhilip Berg develops the organization later known as the Kabbalah Centre, which presents a modern, popularized form of Kabbalah and later draws celebrity students including Madonna.High · Reuters
1971Elon Musk is born to Maye Haldeman Musk and Errol Musk.High · Britannica
1975Max Levchin is born in Kyiv, then in the Ukrainian SSR.High · Affirm
1975–88John Bogle launches Vanguard in 1975. Stephen Schwarzman and Peter Peterson found Blackstone in 1985. Larry Fink and partners establish the business that becomes BlackRock inside Blackstone in 1988.High · Vanguard · BlackRock
1994Jeff Bezos founds Amazon; Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen found Netscape.High · Amazon · CHM
1995Pierre Omidyar launches AuctionWeb, later eBay. Levchin, Luke Nosek, and Scott Banister start SponsorNet.High · eBay · Illinois
1998Peter Thiel, Max Levchin, Luke Nosek, and Ken Howery build Confinity, the company that becomes PayPal.High · Illinois
1999Elon Musk co-founds the online bank X.com.High · Britannica
2000–01X.com merges with Confinity; the combined company is renamed PayPal.High · Wired
2002eBay acquires PayPal.High · eBay
2003Peter Thiel, Alex Karp, Stephen Cohen, Joe Lonsdale, and Nathan Gettings found Palantir.High · Palantir
2005Thiel, Howery, and Nosek co-found Founders Fund. Former PayPal employees found YouTube.High · Founders Fund · New Yorker
2010Peter Thiel, James Fitzgerald, and Andrew McCormack establish Valar Ventures.High · Valar
2012Thiel and Ajay Royan found Mithril Capital; Max Levchin creates Affirm.High · Mithril · Affirm
2013Pierre Omidyar creates First Look Media. Neal Harmon and collaborators start the business that becomes Angel Studios. Ring is founded by Jamie Siminoff.High · Guardian · Angel
2014First Look launches The Intercept with Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras, and Jeremy Scahill.High · Guardian
2014–17Records document meetings and correspondence between Peter Thiel and Jeffrey Epstein.High · Wired
2015Sam Altman, Elon Musk, and others launch OpenAI. Epstein-linked entities begin investing $40 million across two Valar funds.High · Reuters · Washington Post
2016Donald Trump names Peter Thiel and Rebekah Mercer to the executive committee of his presidential transition team.High · Trump transition release
2017Luke Nosek co-founds Gigafund. Garrett Langley, Matt Feury, and Paige Todd found Flock Safety. PayPal sells the X.com domain back to Musk.High · Axios · Georgia Tech · CNBC
2018Amazon acquires Ring. Elon Musk leaves OpenAI’s board.High · Amazon · Reuters
2021–23Ryan Cohen joins GameStop’s board in 2021 and becomes executive chair, then president and CEO, in 2023. Carl Icahn is reported to hold a sizable short position in GameStop in 2022.High · Reuters
2019–21Ken Howery serves as U.S. ambassador to Sweden.High · State Dept.
2020Glenn Greenwald resigns from The Intercept after an editorial dispute.High · Guardian
2021–22VidAngel’s successor becomes Angel Studios; Gigafund leads a $47 million financing round.High · Angel
2022Zelenskyy meets Palantir CEO Alex Karp in Kyiv and discusses cooperation.High · Ukraine presidency
2023Musk founds xAI and reuses X.com for the social platform formerly called Twitter. Tucker Carlson launches programming on X, interviews Trump, and starts a subscription network; 1789 Capital becomes an early investor. The Intercept becomes independent of First Look.High · Reuters · Reuters · Reuters · Axios
2023UBS completes its acquisition of Credit Suisse. BlackRock’s separate link is its 2013 acquisition of Credit Suisse’s ETF business—not ownership of the bank.High · UBS · Reuters
2024Palantir announces a strategic partnership with Israel’s Ministry of Defense. Ken Howery is reported among xAI’s investors. Trump names Elon Musk to a government-efficiency role after the election.High · Reuters · TechCrunch · Reuters
2024Miriam Adelson becomes the lead funder of a major pro-Trump spending group. Mark Cuban campaigns for Kamala Harris and criticizes Trump’s tariff plan.High · Reuters · Reuters
2025Amazon contributes $1 million and Sam Altman personally contributes $1 million to Trump’s inaugural fund. Musk serves temporarily as a special government employee and senior adviser. xAI acquires X; Howery becomes U.S. ambassador to Denmark; Ring and Flock announce an intended integration.High · Reuters · Reuters · Reuters · U.S. Embassy
2025Carlson and Patel buy out the outside investors in their media company. The Trump administration and George Soros’s Open Society Foundations enter an escalating public and legal conflict.High · Reuters · Reuters
2026Ring and Flock cancel the integration before launch. SpaceX acquires xAI. Ukraine expands work with Palantir.High · Ring · Reuters
2026GameStop’s proxy reports Ryan Cohen at 9.3% beneficial ownership, Vanguard at 5.7%, and BlackRock at 5.0%. GameStop later discloses a 9.8% eBay stake; acquisition or partnership proposals remain unresolved.High · SEC proxy · Reuters
Medium confidence marks disputed or indirect claims. The Khazar conversion date, the three-religion debate, the number of converts, and the historicity of King Obadiah are not settled; no edge is drawn from Khazars to modern Jews, Israel, finance, Bolsheviks, or organized crime. “Rabbinic Judaism” is used instead of the inaccurate phrase “Babylonian Judaism.” Zohar labels distinguish traditional attribution from modern critical scholarship. Institutional-holding edges usually represent shares managed for funds and clients—not corporate control or coordination. A birthplace edge does not imply state affiliation, and an indictment or wanted notice is not a conviction. Political-opposition edges record a documented relationship, not agreement or affiliation. The Mir-Djalali genealogy remains medium-confidence because the grandfather link relies on recent secondary biographies. The Epstein–Musk and Thiel–Carlson links remain weak and hidden unless enabled.