| c. 740–860 | Later Khazar accounts describe a ruler—usually called Bulan—adopting Judaism after a debate involving Christian, Muslim, and Jewish representatives. The date, ruler’s title, scale of conversion, and literary debate are disputed. | Medium · Iranica · Correspondence |
| 13th century | The Zohar emerges in medieval Spain. Tradition attributes it to Shimon bar Yochai; critical scholarship associates its composition or redaction especially with Moses de León and his circle. | Medium · Stanford Encyclopedia |
| 16th century | Moses Cordovero systematizes earlier Kabbalah in Safed; Isaac Luria develops a new school, recorded and transmitted chiefly by his disciple Hayyim Vital. | High · JVL: Luria · JVL: Vital |
| 1917 | Lenin’s Bolsheviks seize power in the October Revolution; Trotsky is a central organizer and leader. | High · Britannica |
| 1917–22 | Bolshevik forces and rival Ukrainian governments fight for control. A Soviet Ukrainian republic is established and becomes a founding republic of the USSR in 1922. | High · Encyclopedia of Ukraine |
| 1920s–50s | Mahmud Mir-Djalali serves in and helps modernize Iran’s army; later holds senior posts. | High · Iranica |
| 1960s–70s | Philip Berg develops the organization later known as the Kabbalah Centre, which presents a modern, popularized form of Kabbalah and later draws celebrity students including Madonna. | High · Reuters |
| 1971 | Elon Musk is born to Maye Haldeman Musk and Errol Musk. | High · Britannica |
| 1975 | Max Levchin is born in Kyiv, then in the Ukrainian SSR. | High · Affirm |
| 1975–88 | John Bogle launches Vanguard in 1975. Stephen Schwarzman and Peter Peterson found Blackstone in 1985. Larry Fink and partners establish the business that becomes BlackRock inside Blackstone in 1988. | High · Vanguard · BlackRock |
| 1994 | Jeff Bezos founds Amazon; Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen found Netscape. | High · Amazon · CHM |
| 1995 | Pierre Omidyar launches AuctionWeb, later eBay. Levchin, Luke Nosek, and Scott Banister start SponsorNet. | High · eBay · Illinois |
| 1998 | Peter Thiel, Max Levchin, Luke Nosek, and Ken Howery build Confinity, the company that becomes PayPal. | High · Illinois |
| 1999 | Elon Musk co-founds the online bank X.com. | High · Britannica |
| 2000–01 | X.com merges with Confinity; the combined company is renamed PayPal. | High · Wired |
| 2002 | eBay acquires PayPal. | High · eBay |
| 2003 | Peter Thiel, Alex Karp, Stephen Cohen, Joe Lonsdale, and Nathan Gettings found Palantir. | High · Palantir |
| 2005 | Thiel, Howery, and Nosek co-found Founders Fund. Former PayPal employees found YouTube. | High · Founders Fund · New Yorker |
| 2010 | Peter Thiel, James Fitzgerald, and Andrew McCormack establish Valar Ventures. | High · Valar |
| 2012 | Thiel and Ajay Royan found Mithril Capital; Max Levchin creates Affirm. | High · Mithril · Affirm |
| 2013 | Pierre Omidyar creates First Look Media. Neal Harmon and collaborators start the business that becomes Angel Studios. Ring is founded by Jamie Siminoff. | High · Guardian · Angel |
| 2014 | First Look launches The Intercept with Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras, and Jeremy Scahill. | High · Guardian |
| 2014–17 | Records document meetings and correspondence between Peter Thiel and Jeffrey Epstein. | High · Wired |
| 2015 | Sam Altman, Elon Musk, and others launch OpenAI. Epstein-linked entities begin investing $40 million across two Valar funds. | High · Reuters · Washington Post |
| 2016 | Donald Trump names Peter Thiel and Rebekah Mercer to the executive committee of his presidential transition team. | High · Trump transition release |
| 2017 | Luke Nosek co-founds Gigafund. Garrett Langley, Matt Feury, and Paige Todd found Flock Safety. PayPal sells the X.com domain back to Musk. | High · Axios · Georgia Tech · CNBC |
| 2018 | Amazon acquires Ring. Elon Musk leaves OpenAI’s board. | High · Amazon · Reuters |
| 2021–23 | Ryan Cohen joins GameStop’s board in 2021 and becomes executive chair, then president and CEO, in 2023. Carl Icahn is reported to hold a sizable short position in GameStop in 2022. | High · Reuters |
| 2019–21 | Ken Howery serves as U.S. ambassador to Sweden. | High · State Dept. |
| 2020 | Glenn Greenwald resigns from The Intercept after an editorial dispute. | High · Guardian |
| 2021–22 | VidAngel’s successor becomes Angel Studios; Gigafund leads a $47 million financing round. | High · Angel |
| 2022 | Zelenskyy meets Palantir CEO Alex Karp in Kyiv and discusses cooperation. | High · Ukraine presidency |
| 2023 | Musk founds xAI and reuses X.com for the social platform formerly called Twitter. Tucker Carlson launches programming on X, interviews Trump, and starts a subscription network; 1789 Capital becomes an early investor. The Intercept becomes independent of First Look. | High · Reuters · Reuters · Reuters · Axios |
| 2023 | UBS completes its acquisition of Credit Suisse. BlackRock’s separate link is its 2013 acquisition of Credit Suisse’s ETF business—not ownership of the bank. | High · UBS · Reuters |
| 2024 | Palantir announces a strategic partnership with Israel’s Ministry of Defense. Ken Howery is reported among xAI’s investors. Trump names Elon Musk to a government-efficiency role after the election. | High · Reuters · TechCrunch · Reuters |
| 2024 | Miriam Adelson becomes the lead funder of a major pro-Trump spending group. Mark Cuban campaigns for Kamala Harris and criticizes Trump’s tariff plan. | High · Reuters · Reuters |
| 2025 | Amazon contributes $1 million and Sam Altman personally contributes $1 million to Trump’s inaugural fund. Musk serves temporarily as a special government employee and senior adviser. xAI acquires X; Howery becomes U.S. ambassador to Denmark; Ring and Flock announce an intended integration. | High · Reuters · Reuters · Reuters · U.S. Embassy |
| 2025 | Carlson and Patel buy out the outside investors in their media company. The Trump administration and George Soros’s Open Society Foundations enter an escalating public and legal conflict. | High · Reuters · Reuters |
| 2026 | Ring and Flock cancel the integration before launch. SpaceX acquires xAI. Ukraine expands work with Palantir. | High · Ring · Reuters |
| 2026 | GameStop’s proxy reports Ryan Cohen at 9.3% beneficial ownership, Vanguard at 5.7%, and BlackRock at 5.0%. GameStop later discloses a 9.8% eBay stake; acquisition or partnership proposals remain unresolved. | High · SEC proxy · Reuters |